What are all of the ocean zones?
Many species that live in the open sea (or pelagic state) actually live in an oceanic universe. More than 70% of the Earth’s surface is covered by oceans, and it is important to remember that more than 50% of the Earth’s surface is covered by oceans that are at least two miles (3.2 km) deep.
All Zones Of The Ocean
Many open sea creatures survive without ever coming into contact with the coast, seabed, or water surface. They spend their whole lives surrounded by water and do not know that anything else exists. In the case of the deep open sea, the creatures do not even see the light of the sun. Since terrestrial mammals breathe air, walk on land, and rely on our eyesight for almost everything, it is difficult for humans (even experts) to understand that most of the planet’s life is air, land, or sunlight.
An open sea is a huge place. In fact, more than 99% of the world’s habitable space is in the open sea. To better study and understand this huge ecosystem, scientists have divided it into different regions:
What are all the zones of the ocean
The epipelagic zone (or upper open ocean)
1. The epipelagic zone (or upper open ocean) is the part of the ocean where there is enough sunlight for algae to use photosynthesis (the process by which organisms use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide into food). Generally speaking, this region reaches about 200 meters (650 feet) below sea level. Habitats of all kinds of iconic animals, such as whales and dolphins, billfish, tunas, jellyfish, sharks, and many other groups. Algae living in epiphytotic regions are responsible for the production of staple food throughout the oceans and produce at least 50% oxygen in the atmosphere (both by photosynthesis). Organisms living in epiphytotic regions may come into contact with the sea surface.
The mesopelagic zone (or middle open sea)
2. The mesopelagic zone (or middle open sea) extends from the bottom of the epiblastic to the point where sunlight cannot reach. Generally speaking, the deepest edge of the Mesoplastic zone is about 1000 meters (3300 feet) deep. The Mesopelagic region is much larger than the Epipelagic and is home to some of the world’s most numerous vertebrates (small Bristolmouth fish). Many species of fish and invertebrates that live here move to shallow, epiphylogic depths for food, but only at night.
The next deepest region is called the Bathepelagic zone (or the open sea below).
3. The next deepest region is called the Bathepelagic zone (or the open sea below). This region starts at the bottom of the Mesoplastic and extends up to 4000 meters (13,000 feet). Bathypelagic is much larger than Mesopalagic and 15 times larger in size. It is the largest ecosystem in the world. The upper limit of this zone is defined by the complete absence of sunlight. The organisms of Bathiplagic live in complete darkness, 24 hours a day. Darkness can be disturbed, however, by some light created by living things. This so-called bioluminescence can be used to attract prey or to find a mate. Some species have lost some of their ability to see.
Deeper still bioplastic zone,
4. Deeper still bioplastic zone, which extends from the bottom of the bathypelagic to sea level. This region is characterized by a relative lack of life. It’s really abysmal.
A special region that exists only in certain places around the world is called a hadoplagic zone.
5. A special region that exists only in certain places around the world is called a hadoplagic zone. Where deep, wide trenches otherwise occur in the flat seabed, the open water that fills them is the hadoplagic zone. According to this definition, all of the deepest parts of the ocean end in hypoplasia. The deepest known sea depth is about 11,000 meters (36,000 feet or about 7 miles).
Finally, the creatures that live at the bottom of the ocean (regardless of depth) are part of Benthos. The benthic ecosystem includes coral reefs, ocean grass beds, shallow coastal areas and deep hydraulic vents, abyssal plains, and other deep-sea arrangements.
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Interesting facts about the open ocean
1. Oceans cover more than 70 percent of the Earth’s surface, and half of this water is at least 1.86 miles (3 km) deep.
2. As far as we know, the ocean is 36,200 feet (11,000 meters or about 7 miles) deep at its deepest point. On average, the ocean is about 12,100 feet (3,688 meters) deep.
3. Animals that live in or near the Bathapelagic region never see sunlight. 1 Some of the creatures that live there, such as vampire squid and humpback anglerfish, make their own light.
4. More than 99 percent of the world’s habitable space is in the open ocean
5. The sea is divided into five regions: the epileptic zone, or the upper open ocean (650 feet deep from the surface); The Mesoplastic Zone, or Central Open Ocean (650-3,300 feet deep); Bathepelagic zone, or lower open sea (3,300-13,000 feet deep); Abisoplastic zone, or abyss (13,000–20,000 feet deep); And the hadoplagic zone, or deep-sea trench (20,000 feet and deep).
6. The sea produces more than 50 percent of the air we breathe ৷4
7. Humans have explored only 5 percent of the world’s oceans. However, it is believed that humans have affected every part of the ocean with waste and chemical pollution.
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